ABSTRACT
The paper discusses the influence exerted by financial systems on the change of the financial sector and its further development. The study is relevant since there is need for building up more trust in blockchain. In the course of the research, the main trends of decentralized financial systems were identified and presented, including the problems related to decentralized financial systems and options for resolving them. The study is aimed at defining the problems and searching for ways to tackle them when regulating decentralized finances (DeFi) in order to ensure effective regulation on the part of the Central Bank and control risks. Rather than eliminating the need for regulation, DeFi, in fact, has to be regulated so as to achieve its main decentralization goal. In addition, DeFi presents a potential possibility for developing a fairly new regulation method: the idea of "integrated regulation". The paper considers various approaches to regulation, which can be integrated in the DeFi design. It can potentially lead to the decentralization of both finance and its regulation, which eventually expresses RegTech (Regulatory Technology), which is used by financial organizations for being able to meet the requirements of the regulator more easily. The study defines the problems that are encountered in the course of using DeFi and points out the possible ways for dealing with them, including a way for switching to blockchain independently so that the transaction is not charged in ETH for calculation on blockchain;reducing the complexity and costs of use and understanding of DeFi software by most users. A whole lot of risks that decentralized financial protocols are susceptible to is analyzed: vulnerabilities in the code security of smart contracts, their stacking and layout;oracle risk, which is subject to manipulation in the process of data transfer;the financial risk of high volatility, regulatory risk and crisis of the global economy due to the inability to predict in which way the Covid-19 pandemic is going to be resolved. © 2021 ACM.
ABSTRACT
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a global. COVID-19 quickly spread. No country has been left untouched by the 'crowned demon'. The pandemic has proven to be an unprecedented challenge for governments of many countries. In Russia, lockdown restrictions were placed on the sphere of business, trade and on the services sector. This article focuses on the ways in which Russian universities had to re-organize their learning process during the pandemic as well as on the experiences of students and teachers in online learning. It explores the attitudes towards online learning and the current assessment of its quality by all involved;it also discusses the measures taken by the universities and governments to support students and faculty. We examined the managerial approaches applied by universities;normative regulation acts of the government and universities;the available statistical data and sociological survey data. Analysis has shown that all Russian universities can be divided into two groups: those that have reached advanced stages of digital transformation and 'digital newcomers'. During the pandemic, while more advanced institutions opted for synchronous forms of learning, the latter had to choose asynchronous forms. At the beginning of the pandemic, 13% of Russian universities did not have a high-speed Internet access. Our analysis of the normative regulatory acts of different institutional systems has revealed a variety of measures realized on different levels of the education system. Our study has also brought to light some interesting patterns in student and faculty levels of satisfaction with distance learning as well as benefits, drawbacks and risks of these forms of learning. 88% of teachers are skeptical about the virtual mode of learning and believe that in-person classroom learning is far superior. The share of students who reported being completely satisfied with online education dropped from 21% to 14% during the two months of the pandemic. 34% of students do not find remote learning less effective than in-person forms. The conclusion is made that universities' experience of online learning during the pandemic revealed not only the potential of digital technologies but also their limitations. © 2020 Academic Conferences Limited. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Currently, information about the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of coronavirus infection affected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is constantly updated and updated. The most common clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are fever, symptoms of intoxication, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, chest congestion, decreased sense of smell and taste, less often - abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and others. For the current period, there are data from clinical observations describing skin lesions in the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection. One of the first descriptions of skin manifestations in COVID-19 was published by the Italian dermatologist Recalcati S. (2020), who provided data on possible types of skin lesions as a variant of the manifestation of a new COVID-19 coronavirus infection. This paper presents the confirmed cases COVID-19 infection with skin lesions, from the practice of specialists of mobile teams of emergency medical care state budgetary institution «Station of emergency medical care to them. A.S. Puchkov» in Moscow, at survey of the patients at disease onset. In the initial period of the disease, when examining patients, various morphological elements were observed: papulo-vesicular, papulo-squamous, erythematous, urticary, and others, their localization was also different. Whether the described changes on the skin are associated with direct exposure to the pathogen COVID-19 or are a manifestation of secondary pathogenetic factors (infectious-allergic, allergic, toxic, etc.) is not currently known. Further accumulation of clinical observations of skin manifestations in this disease is necessary in order to analyze and evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value.
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary hypertension patients are extremely sensitive to intercurrent respiratory infections which can cause disease progression and bring an adverse outcome closer. The absence of specific symptoms and typical clinical manifestations of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension makes it difficult to verify such diagnosis in time for early specific therapy prescription. This problem becomes more significant during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review presents diagnostic algorithms for differential diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in a patient with suspected COVID-19 infection. In this term computed tomography (CT) of the chest deserves high attention. Differential diagnostic criteria for "frosted glass" type changes at CT-scan have been developed and can be used in everyday practice. Besides this, the article describes the principles of pulmonary arterial hypertension optimal therapy choice, taking into account drug interactions and complications occurring in COVID-19 patients. Copyright © 2020 All-Russian Public Organization Antihypertensive League. All rights reserved.